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3. Answer the questions:

1. What is connected to a wheel?

2. What are some important parts of a steam engine?

3. What can you say about the principle of the steam engine?

4. Are there are valves, or openings, in the steam chest?

5. How now steam engines are mostly used?

4. Fill in missing words:

1. One is a boiler where __________water into steam.

2. A rod from the piston ___________to a wheel.

3. The steam engine was the first ____________ever invented.

4. As the __________in the cylinder, it opens and closes the_____________, so that fresh steam enters just when the piston has reached the end of its stroke.

Missing words:fire turns, valves automatically, high-speed engine, is connected, piston moves.

5. Translate into English:

Topic “DIESEL ENGINE”

1. Vocabulary.

gallon - галлон - англ. (4,54 л); амер. (3,78 л).

besides – помимо, кроме

to last - длиться, продолжаться, сохраняться

screw – винт

like - похожий, подобный

directly - прямо, непосредственно

alone - один, только

immediately - немедленно, тотчас же

spray - брызги, струя, разбрызгивать, распылять

fuel – топливо

spark plug – искра свечи

to connect - соединять

charging – загрузка

to inject – впрыскивать

to ignite – зажигать

to use – использовать

2. Read and translate the text.

DIESEL ENGINE

A diesel engine is like a gasoline engine but simpler. Diesel engines are usually larger and can do more work. The fuel used in a diesel engine is oil. In diesel engines only air is blown into the cylinder. It does not need spark plugs. Diesel engines can be four - stroke ones and two - stroke ones.

Diesel engines use a cheaper kind of fuel and give more power for each gallon of fuel burned than gasoline engines. Besides they last much longer. In new trains and ships diesel engines run large generators which make electricity. The electricity runs motors which are connected to the wheels of the train or to the ship's screws.

The diesel engine is an internal combustion engine. It uses oil as a fuel. The fuel is introduced in the form of spray and the engine requires no special ignition device.

In the four-stroke cycle Diesel engine air alone is drawn into the cylinder on the charging stroke. This air is being compressed on the return stroke to a very high pressure. The result of the combustion is that the air is heated to a high temperature.

The heavy oil injected into the air at the end of the stroke will be immediately ignited by It. The oil burns rapidly, but without explosion. The compression pressure is much higher than that in any other oil or gas engine.